Single frond. Oxfordshire, early June |
| Lowest pinna. Isles of Scilly, late June |
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Pinna from mid stem. Isles of Scilly, late June |
| Pinnules. Oxfordshire, early June |
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Pinna with ripe indusia. S E London, late August |
| Pinnules with ripe indusia. S E London, late August |
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Pinnulets with ripe indusia. S E London, late August |
| Close-up of indusia. S E London, late August |
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Young plants on the floor of an abandoned chapel; with Asplenium scolopendrium. Cornwall, September |
| Young plants on the floor of an abandoned chapel; with Asplenium scolopendrium. Cornwall, September |
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Crozier. Oxfordshire, early June |
| Crozier starting to unfurl. Oxfordshire, early June |
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Crozier starting to unfurl. Oxfordshire, early June |
| Crozier unfurling. Oxfordshire, early June |
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Frond unfurling. Isles of Scilly, late June |
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Tip of unfurling frond. Isles of Scilly, late June |
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Isles of Scilly, late June. |
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City fern. Central London, September |
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Cumbria, early July |
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The paler line marks a spring line where the ferns are less well developed. Cumbria, late July |
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